Beta-glucuronidase

Overview:

Beta-glucuronidase is an enzyme produced by both the host and the gut microbiome. In the microbiome, the majority of the Beta-glucuronidase genes are found in the bacteria of the Firmicutes phylum (Lactobacillus, Clostridium, Faecalibacterium, Eubacterium, Roseburia, Anaerostipes, etc.). Microbial Beta-glucuronidase in the gut breaks apart conjugated phase II liver metabolites intended for excretion in the stool. Once deconjugated, these active metabolites can pass across the gut mucosa back into the host’s circulation. Beta-glucuronidase activity from both the host and bacteria can affect the levels of potentially active sex hormones, neurotransmitters, drug metabolites, plant polyphenol or isoflavone metabolites, and toxic metabolites from chemical exposures. Higher fecal Beta-glucuronidase has been associated with an increased risk of colon cancer. Associations between fecal Beta-glucuronidase levels and breast-cancer risk remains an active area of research. If Increased fecal Beta-glucuronidase has been associated with the consumption of red meats and high protein, low-carbohydrate diets in separate human studies. Higher intakes of vegetables and fruits have been shown to
decrease serum Beta-glucuronidase levels. If Low levels of fecal Beta-glucuronidase may occur during very low consumption of plant fibers (fruits, vegetables, pre-biotics). A gradual increase in dietary plant fibers may increase Beta-glucuronidase levels. Some Beta-glucuronidase activity is beneficial; plant phenols, flavonoids and isoflavones often require enzymatic modification before they are beneficial to the body.